Top 6 Black Hat Hackers In The World - techinfosearch.blogspot.com

Top 6 Black Hat Hackers In The World

There are two types of hackers. First one are good hackers who are known as "white hat" hackers and another one which we will be talking about today are called "black hat" hackers. In this article, we will be talking about six famous black hat hackers and their hacks which made them famous or wanted.

George Hotz

Young and talented and what is the most important bored teenager, George Hotz wanted to have fun one summer night and  as a result he hacked the Sony’s company Iphone. It happened in June of 2007, by that time George was 17. It was a bit of a challenge, because how to hack device with assistant things?  The secret is to figure out how “to speak to the device”.He also mentioned that what he did was completely legal.It seems people can be dangerous in certain way when they are bored. Who knows what may happen if crazy smart geek will find thy way of his ideas.


Kevin Mitnick                      
                                 


Kevin Mitnick is well-known as the most-wanted computer criminal in the United States. He was in high school when he started hacking. For several years he hacked dozens of companies.What interesting, for those “services” he was finally arrested in 1995 at his apartment for hacking. Kevin also has served 5 years in prison, nevertheless despite of his experience he runs his own security firm named Mitnick Security Consulting. The other side of the coin is, however Mitnick published a book that calls “Ghost in Wires”, which is about his upps-and-downs, victories and crushes. He shared that every hack was like a climbing to mountain and he reached the Everest. This is one more proof how talent have pined, because of a boredom.



Adrian Lamo


Adrian was called as the most effective and controversial hacker of the 21st century. That is very flattering status.He was famous for breaking into several high-profile computer networks. Lamo might use his gift to help people to consult, what is actually he did, but as exception and compromise.His baby steps in hacking, Adrian Lamo made pretty early and became known for the first time for operating AOL watchdog site.As many others, he was arrested in 2003 and had to correspond for each and every computer crime.Thus, even if Lamo now works as a threat analyst and public speaker, his glory will always follow him, because our past if the part of our “present”  and a part of who we are.


Gary McKinnon 




This “black hat” McKinnon  hacked into 97 United States military and NASA computers. He could be the biggest threat  for government. Glasgow-born McKinnon wanted the truth to come out and show itself. In March 2002 Gary was arrested by police. “Black hat” used his hacking skills to “research” his beliefs and evidence of UFOs  inexhaustible source of power, into the US government’s computers. He didn’t do that because of boredom, but because of obsession and thirst to hidden knowledge. Probably this computer crime is serious, but forgivable. Man wasn’t going to hack computer system because he was bored or to prove something, we was looking for truth no more than.

Jonathan James




Story of Jonathan James  is sad, nevertheless his life can be compared to comet – short, but bright. In 1999 teenager at the age of 15 years old hacked into Bellsouth and Miami-Dade school network. Jonathan James damaged NASA Systems, it costed $41,000 to fix the systems.  It goes without saying that he made serious damage. To stole software from NASA that worth $1.7 Million is one the biggest computer crimes. He wasn’t after information or justice, he was after money… As they say, never speak ill of the dead.Jonathan James was sentenced 6 months house arrest and banned from using computer, however that didn’t prevent him to commit suicide.

Kevin Poulsen



This talented “cyber-terrorists” could have great career and almost blow his chance.  It seems that this hacker likes contracts  and his life reflects it pretty well. He hacked into the US Department of Defense's Arpanet. However later  he worked as a consultant testing Pentagon computer security. Late on Kevin hacked  FBI, after that hacked phone lines to radio station  of Los Angeles… Poulsen’s life reminded American switchbacks…Certainly he was wanted by FRI  and finally they caught him. Despite of such interesting past, Kevin is law-abiding citizen and has several awards  of International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences.

World Cup: Schurrle breaks Algerian hearts, takes Germany into quarterfinals

Substitute Andre Schuerrle and Mesut Ozil scored in extra time Monday to lead Germany over an aggressive Algeria 2-1 and into the World Cup quarterfinals.

 

Thomas Mueller provided a cross from the left flank that was slightly behind Schuerrle. The Germany forward dragged his leg and backheeled the ball into the far corner in the 92nd minute, leaving goalkeeper Rais Mbolhi with no chance.

Ozil added the second in the 120th, and Abdelmoumene Djabou pulled one back in injury time for Algeria.

Germany will next face France on Friday at the Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro.

FIFA World Cup 2014 Netherlands vs Mexico: Arjen Robben penalty raises questions about the modern foul

FIFA World Cup 2014 Netherlands vs Mexico: Arjen Robben penalty raises questions about the modern foul 

Mexico defender Rafa Marquez stuck his foot out and Netherlands winger Arjen Robben went down for an injury-time penalty that took his team into the World Cup quarter-finals with a 2-1 win. Did Robben dive or was he fouled by Marquez?

Or – to ask the fashionable question that evades the issue of whether it was actually a foul – was there 'contact'?

If there was contact, was it the result of the Mexican's movement or Robben's ability to connect with the defender? Those are the judgments Portuguese referee Pedro Proenca had to make in the final seconds of an intense game played in baking heat in Fortaleza with a last-eight place on the line.

Who would be a referee? Of course, the partisan took predictable positions on the incident but it was hard to find consensus among the neutrals.

It does not help that Robben has dived frequently in the past and had been clearly looking for a penalty in this game. But then the Dutch could argue, with some justification, that he should have had a spot kick earlier in the game and also highlight how, not long before the penalty, he had skipped over a lunging Marquez as he tried, in vain, to score.

Of course, it could be pointed out that what happened previously should have no bearing whatsoever on Proenca's evaluation of the incident.

Risk 'contact'

Critics would say Marquez was reckless or naive to stick out his foot with Robben moving away from goal, leaving Klaas-Jan Huntelaar to score the spot kick and put the Dutch through. But the question now being asked is: Has the game reached the stage where a defender is not allowed to even attempt a tackle in the penalty area because it may risk 'contact' that would justify a penalty kick?

The answer to the last question is yes, a defender, in modern football, cannot risk contact with an opponent in the penalty area because if it results in a fall, even an embellished one, the referee will probably give a penalty.

In the NBA it is called 'drawing the foul' and is universally accepted, but modern football has not found the vocabulary for it nor the acceptance of the 'dive after contact'. The crucial difference is that in basketball the punishment for such fouls is a couple of free-throws with two points available in a game with a total of about 200 points scored.

In football, 'drawing the foul' can – and does – decide the outcome.

Video technology is often presented as the solution for most refereeing problems but it offers little help in these cases. When you listen to the modern professional player talk about such incidents they will accept that a player has 'made the most of it' by falling but if there was some sort of contact an exaggerated collapse is now viewed as justified.

If the game is not happy with that state of affairs then it needs to do some hard thinking about how it might change the rules or their interpretation in order to deal with the problem.

The pendulum seems to have shifted too far in favour of the attacker in these situations and, while there is no obvious quick-fix solution, rewarding embellishment seems an unsatisfactory status quo.

What's happening in Iraq?

What's happening in Iraq?

Iraq in the Middle East has been in the headlines for many years due to violence there.

But in the last month there has been fresh fighting within the country, between the government and those who oppose it.


In recent weeks an Islamist extremist group called Isis, which has links to terrorist group Al-Qaeda, has taken control of several cities in the north of the country.

Hundreds of thousands of people have left the area to avoid the fighting, which is getting closer and closer to the capital city, Baghdad.

It's believed almost a million Iraqis have fled their homes since January.


Shia and Sunni

Although most Iraqis are Muslim, they belong to different branches of the faith: Shia and Sunni, who disagree about how the country should be run.

The government in Iraq is Shia while the Isis militants are Sunni.

While most people in Iraq are Shia, about 90% of the world's Muslims are Sunni.

America has now sent extra military staff to its embassy in Baghdad to protect staff there.

Iraq's troubled history

This isn't the first time that Iraq has been in the global headlines.

In 2003 the UK government decided to send British troops to the country in a US-led invasion.

It's a decision that was controversial at the time, and now that another crisis has come up, people are asking how much the UK should get involved.

No one is expecting British or American troops to go back to Iraq this time; but both governments say they need to do something to stop the situation getting worse.

The early history of Iraq

Iraq is actually a fairly young country - it was created in 1921 by the British government after they seized control.
The region used to be part of a much larger area, covering lots of countries, called the Ottoman Empire.
When that fell, British rule took over - until Iraq was given independence in 1932.
A number of different governments controlled the country after that, until Saddam Hussein seized power in 1979.
Back then, the UK and US supported him, because he was helping them fight a neighbouring country called Iran.
Things changed when Iraq sent soldiers into another country called Kuwait.
Many countries - including the US and UK - joined together to force Iraq's army out of Kuwait in a conflict called the Gulf War, in 1991.

world's tallest water slide by Guinness World Records

 A water slide! A water park in Kansas has been forced to delay the opening of the world's 

tallest water slide for the third time due to a possible mechanical problem. Verruckt, which 

means "insane" in German.

The 17-story slide sends a four-person raft plummeting at up to 70 mph.

Zero-size Intelligence-The future of integrated circuits

Zero-size Intelligence:

No one wants to be called a  zero in terms of intelligence, but having o-sized intelligence in 
computing means packing a whole lot of brains in a tiny, tiny package. Computer companies 
encourage forward-thinking creativity, and some, such as Intel, even have futurists on board 
to predict where technology is headed. Futurist Brian David Johnson sees the future advance of computing to so small a size that the housing for the computer itself is almost zero. We have the technology to put computers almost anywhere and in almost anything. Computers used to take up entire rooms, then whole desktops, laps and palms, to micro-chip-sized casings and atom-powered transistors invisible to the naked eye;
Many have predicted that the shrinking of computing size would also lead to the end of something called Moore's Law. Gordon E. Moore, a co-founder of Intel, famously predicted that every two years the number of transistors on a chip will roughly double every 24 months. As computer brains have diminished in size -- with some models powered by just five atoms and one-atom developments about 10 to 20 years down the road -- getting smaller may reach an end point as atomic transistors replace chips. Whether the low cost will trickle down despite the high cost of innovating such small transistors remains to be seen.

what moore's law states?

The laws of physics are to blame. The current process allows us to create chips with transistors that are measured in atoms. Eventually, or about 2020, transistors will become so small that quantum theory or atomic physics will take over and electrons will begin to leak out of the wires. 

In 2020 it is estimated that we could get to the point where we have the ability to create transistors that are 5 atoms wide. According to Kaku, at this juncture the Heisenberg uncertainty principle comes into play, which states that you cannot know both the position and velocity of any particle, which means we cannot know where an electron is, and therefore cannot be confined to a wire, causing a circuit to short circuit.

Does the end of Moore’s Law equate to the end of Silicon Valley?

The bad news is that we have about 8 years before this specific etch-a-sketch method of chip development will slow to a crawl. While innovation will likely continue, the time we will have to wait longer for our computer power to double. 

Facebook conducted secret psychology experiment on users' emotions!

Facebook has conducted a secret massive psychology experiment on its users to find out how they respond to positive and negative messages - without telling participants.

Over 600,000 Facebook users have taken part in a psychological experiment organised by the social media company, without their knowledge.

Facebook altered the tone of the users' news feed to highlight either positive or negative posts from their friends, which were seen on their news feed.

They then monitored the users' response, to see whether their friends' attitude had an impact on their own.

"The results show emotional contagion," wrote a team of Facebook scientists, in a paper published by the PNAS journal - Proceedings of the National Academy of Scientists of the United States.

"When positive expressions were reduced, people produced fewer positive posts and more negative posts; when negative expressions were reduced, the opposite pattern occurred. These results indicate that emotions expressed by others on Facebook influence our own emotions, constituting experimental evidence for massive-scale contagion via social networks."

Facebook reveals men hold 8 out of 10 'top positions' in US

Facebook's workforce is 69 percent male and 31 percent female. In the US, employee base consist of 57 percent white, 34 percent Asian, 4 percent Hispanic people, and only 2 percent Black employees.

Facebook's Maxine Williams said that diversity is essential to achieving their mission, and they build products to connect the world and need people from different communities, backgrounds and cultures.

He admitted that Facebook's diversity figures follow disappointing trends seen across the tech industry, and they have more work to do, a lot more.

Facebook: New York Prosecutors Got Data on 381 Users

Facebook: New York Prosecutors Got Data on 381

Facebook says New York City prosecutors who were building a disabilities-benefits fraud case last year got data from the Facebook accounts of 381 people.

The social media giant disclosed a nearly yearlong legal fight over the issue after the filings were unsealed this week.

Facebook ultimately turned over the information but is appealing the court order that required it to do so.

The Menlo Park, California-based company says prosecutors intruded on users' privacy in obtaining the largest set of search warrants the company has ever received. It says 62 of the users were among 134 people charged in the case.

The Manhattan district attorney's office and a judge have said the search warrants were justified.

The dispute adds to a roster of clashes between authorities and Internet companies.

Facebook fight with Newyork city prosecutors!

Facebook and the New York district attorney's office are in a bitter fight over a privacy 

question that was bound to come up sooner or later in the digital age: Does a government 

demand for the entire contents of hundreds of Facebook accounts amount to an illegal 

search of people's digital homes, and can a service provider like Facebook do anything to 

stop it?

In confidential legal documents unsealed Wednesday, Facebook argues that Manhattan 

prosecutors violated the constitutional rights of its users last year by demanding the nearly 

complete account data of 381 people, from pages they liked to their photos and private 

messages.

When the social networking company fought the data demands, a New York judge, Supreme 

Court Justice Melissa C. Jackson, ruled that Facebook had no standing to contest the search 

warrants since it was simply an online repository of data, not a target of the criminal 

investigation. To protect the secrecy of the investigation, the judge also barred the company 

from informing the affected users, a decision that also prevented the individuals from fighting 

the data requests themselves.

Late Wednesday, a few days after Facebook filed an appeal on the constitutional issues, the 

court unsealed the case, allowing the company to discuss it and inform the affected users.

The case pits the Fourth Amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches by the 

government against the needs of prosecutors to seek evidence from the digital sources 

where people increasingly store their most sensitive data. Facebook is the world's largest 

social network, with about 1.28 billion active users worldwide, and it accounted for about 1 of 

every 6 minutes Americans spent online in December

Facebook still top site using by the US even after the launch of many apps like tumblr,snapchat!

Facebook still reigns among US teens!:researchers

 The world’s biggest social network is still by far the most popular among US teens despite the rise of new apps and services like Snapchat and Tumblr.

 US respondents between the ages of 12 and 17 ”The results were clear: Facebook remains young users’ favorite social network. More than three-quarters of online youth use Facebook — twice as many as use Pinterest or Tumblr or Snapchat, and more than use Instagram and WhatApp combined.And 28 percent of young users who are on Facebook say they use it ‘all the time,’ a higher percentage than said this about any other social network.”

After a  research on Facebook and a number of analysts suggested that teens were falling out of love with the social network. ”Ever since Facebook CFO (chief financial officer) David Ebersman admitted last October that young teens were visiting the site slightly less frequently, most have accepted as fact that young people are fleeing Facebook en masse,”

What are the Things rich people do differently every day compared to poor people!

Rich people always keep their goals in sight. 
"I focus on my goals every day." Rich people who agree: 62% Poor people who agree: 6% 

Not only do wealthy people set annual and monthly goals, but 67% of them put those goals in writing. "It blew me away," says Corley. "I thought a goal was a broad objective, but the wealthy said a wish is not a goal." A goal is only a goal, he says, if it has two things: It's achievable, and there's a physical action you can take to pursue it.

And they know what needs to be done today. 

"I maintain a daily to-do list." Rich people who agree: 81% Poor people who agree: 19% 

Not only do the wealthy keep to-do lists, but 67% of them complete 70% or more of those listed tasks each day.





They don't watch TV.


"I watch TV one hour or less per day." Rich people who agree: 67%  Poor people who agree: 23% 

Similarly, only 6% of the wealthy watch reality shows, compared to 78% of the poor. "The common variable among the wealthy is how they make productive use of their time," explains Corley. "They wealthy are not avoiding watching TV because they have some superior human discipline or willpower. They just don't think about watching much TV because they are engaged in some other habitual daily behavior - reading."

They read ... but not for fun. 

"I love reading." Rich people who agree: 86% Poor people who agree: 26% 

Sure, rich people love reading, but they favor nonfiction - in particular, self-improvement books. "The rich are voracious readers on how to improve themselves," says Corley. In fact, 88% of them read for self-improvement for 30 minutes each day, compared to 2% of poor people.

Plus, they're big into audio books. 

"I listen to  audio books during the commute to work." Rich people who agree: 63% Poor people who agree: 5% 

Even if you aren't into audiobooks, you can make the most of your commute with any of these commute-friendly self-improvement activities.

They make a point of going above and beyond at the office. 

"I do more than my job requires." Rich people who agree: 81% Poor people who agree: 17% 

It's worth noting that while 86% of rich people (compared to 43% of poor) work an average of 50 or more hours a week, only 6% of the wealthy people surveyed found themselves unhappy because of work.





They aren't hoping to win the jackpot. 

"I play the lottery regularly." Rich people who agree: 6% Poor people who agree: 77% 

That's not to say that the wealthy are always playing it safe with their money. "Most of these people were business owners who put their own money on the table and took financial risks," explains Corley. "People like this aren't afraid to take risks."

They watch their waistline. 

"I count calories every day." Rich people who agree: 57% Poor people who agree: 5% 

Wealthy people value their health, says Corley. "One of the individuals in my study was about 68 and worth about $78 million. I asked why he didn't retire, and he looked at me like I was from Mars. He said, 'I've spent the last 45 years exercising every single day and watching what I eat because I knew the end of my career would be my biggest earning years.' If he can extend his career four to five years beyond everyone else, that's about $7 million for him."

And they take care of their smiles. 

"I floss every day." Rich people who agree: 62% Poor people who agree: 16% 

Enough said. 

Cancer:Researchers discover primordial cancer in primitive animal!

Cancer’ has apparently been around for a while. In fact, 

according to a recent paper, there is evidence that "cancer is 

as old as multi-cellular life on earth and will probably never be 

completely eradicated."

Every year around 450,000 people in Germany are diagnosed with cancer. Each one of them dreams of a victory in the battle against it. But can cancer ever be completely defeated? Researchers at Kiel University (CAU) have now reached a sobering conclusion: “cancer is as old as multi-cellular life on earth and will probably never be completely eradicated”, says Professor Thomas Bosch in his latest research results. 

The so-called cancer genes are ancient

The causes of tumours are the so-called cancer genes. As from when evolution started producing tumours is an issue that the scientists Tomislav Domazet-Lošo and Diethard Tautz from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Plön have been investigating for several years, using bio-informational methods and databases that they have developed in-house. “During the search for the origin of the cancer gene, we unexpectedly made a discovery in the ancient group of animals”, explains Domazet-Lošo. He is one of the authors of the present study and is currently working at the Ruder Bošković Institute and the Catholic University of Croatia in Zagreb. “Our data predicted that the first multi-cellular animals already had most of the genes which can cause cancer in humans.” What was missing until now was, on the one hand, evidence that these animals can actually suffer from tumours and, on the other, the molecular understanding of the mechanisms of tumour formation in these simple animals.

Cause of tumours: error in the programming of cell death

The research team led by the evolutionary biologist Professor Thomas Bosch from the Zoological Institute of Kiel University have now achieved an impressive understanding of the roots of cancer. Bosch has been investigating stem cells and the regulation of tissue growth in Hydra, a phylogenetic old polyp, for many years. “Now we have discovered tumour-bearing polyps in two different species of Hydra, an organism very similar to corals”, emphasises Bosch regarding the first result of the new study. This provides proof that tumours indeed exist in primitive and evolutionary old animals. 

The team also tracked down the cellular cause of the tumours along the entire body axis. For the first time they were able to show that the stem cells, which are programmed for sex differentiation, accumulate in large quantities and are not removed naturally by programmed cell death. Interestingly, these tumours affect only female Hydra polyps and resemble ovarian cancers in humans. 

“When undertaking more detailed molecular analyses of the tumours we found a gene that becomes active dramatically in tumour tissue and that normally prevents the programmed cell death”, explains Alexander Klimovich, a scholarship student at the Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation at the Zoological Institute of Kiel University and co-lead author of the current study regarding the second finding of the study. “As a non-functioning cell death mechanism is also made responsible for the growth and spread of tumours in many types of human cancer, striking similarities appear here to cancer in humans”, continues Klimovich.

The third finding of the scientists was to show that tumour cells are invasive. This means that if tumour cells are introduced into a healthy organism, they can trigger tumour growth there. Therefore Bosch reaches the following conclusion from his research into Hydra species: “The invasive characteristic of cancer cells is also an evolutionary old feature.” 

Tumours have deep roots in evolution


The funds that are being deployed throughout the world in the campaign against cancer are enormous. It was estimated that in the US alone, more than 500 billion dollars were invested in cancer research by 2012. The worldwide research has led to improved preventative, diagnostic and treatment methods, which can definitely record successes. However it is precisely as far as some frequent tumours are concerned where only slow progress has been achieved. Every second person affected by cancer still succumbs to the disease today. In Germany alone every fourth person dies of cancer and this trend is rising. (World Cancer Report 2014) These figures were an incentive for the National Institute of Health in the US to launch a network of Physical Science-Oncology Centers, a new initiative that seeks to bridge intellectual barriers between diverse scientific disciplines. Paul Davies, a well-known theoretical physicist and popular science writer who now leads one such center in Phoenix, Arizona, recently concluded: “Clearly, we will fully understand cancer only in the context of biological history.” (The Guardian, 2012) 

According to the research team led by Bosch, the findings of primordial tumours in Hydra are a breakthrough step in that direction: “Our research reconfirms that primordial animals such as Hydra polyps provide an enormous amount of information to help us understand such complex problems as ‘cancer’. Our study also makes it unlikely that the ‘War on Cancer’ proclaimed in the 1970s can ever be won. However, knowing your enemy from it origins is the best way to fight it, and win many battles”, says Bosch. 

FIFA'14 worldcup :Can miroslav klose break legendary ronaldo's record?

On june 26 2006 Legendary foot ball player Ronaldo made record of scoring 15 goals which 

is equalled by german miroslav klose on june 21 2014 .

FIFA 14 worldcup:Indian artist wins people choice award

Sand artist Sudarsan Pattnaik wins the People's Choice Award at the sand sculpting World Cup 2014 held in Atlantic City, US.

 Odisha sand artist Sudarsan Pattnaik has won a prize at the sand sculpting World Cup in the US, the artist said Saturday. Pattnaik said he won the People's Choice prize in the solo category for his sand sculpture 'Save Tree, Save the Future'.

The 37-year-old artist was the lone participant from India at the June 15-29 competition in Atlantic City which was attended by artists from several other countries.

Pattnaik, a native of Odisha's beach town of Puri, about 56 kms from state capital Bhubaneswar, told IANS he was thankful to the people who liked his sculpture and voted for him.

Pattnaik is a recipient of the Padma Shri award and has participated in over 50 international sand sculpture championships and festivals.

The medal was presented by the Mayor of Atlantic City as thousands of people voted it for best sculpture. Twenty internationally renowned sand artists around the world participated in this World cup.

Pattnaik said, "I am very happy to win this prize for our country in first sand art world cup at USA 2014 and thankful to all the people who liked my sculpture and voted for me." Every sculptor got 30 hours to create their sculpture using 10 tons of sand.

Sudarsan also participated in doubles category with an USA sculptor Mathew Roy Diebert. Both created sand sculpture of Tajmahal. They got 5th place award in doubles category.

Gujarat punsari village's facilities to be replicated all over country!

Imagine a village with wi-fi connectivity, AC schools with CCTV cameras and mid-day meals, paved streets, mineral water and an independent public transport system...

It exists and the place is Punsari in Himmatnagar, Gujarat. Its a model village which the center is looking replicate across the country.

 The village is now readying for a high-profile visit of additional secretary of Union government (rural development) L C Goyal on Monday to study this model so that it can be replicated across 640 districts in India. 

Additional secretary (rural development) L C Goyal will visit Punsari on Monday and interact with local leaders and villagers to understand what makes the village click when infrastructure development is a challenge in villages in the country. 

Punsari has won national as well as state awards for Best Gram Panchayat in 2011. Sarpanch Himanshu Patel (29) told TOI, "He (Goyal) will study the way we have harnessed state and national level developmental schemes to create infrastructure in the village which rivals the best in the country." 

Patel said the visit is prompted by the PMO as there are plans that similar model villages can be recreated — at least one in each district of India. 

Punsari makes a perfect case study as it has not benefitted from NRIs and has instead relied on funds from central and state-sponsored schemes in the past eight years. 

The village panchayat pays an annual premium of Rs 25 lakh against insurance for each of the 6,000 villagers who have a cover of Rs 1 lakh and a mediclaim policy of Rs 25,000. The schools have zero dropout rates since 2006 and a reverse osmosis plant supplies 20-litre cans to houses for a token amount of Rs 4. 

The village panchayat had a capital of Rs 25,000 seven years ago. Today, the deposits have soared to Rs45 lakh. "The model can be easily replicated in India. It only takes smart planning, people participation and a non-corrupt system," says Patel.